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Who does /proc/self point to in Linux? Understanding it by comparing Bash and awk PIDs

When reading /proc/self/status from Bash using awk, why does it show awk itself instead of Bash? Safely observe procfs using read-only operations.

2026.09.21

Linux / CLI / DevOps

How to Read curl -I Output: Examining HTTP Response Headers One Line at a Time

Learn how to interpret the HTTP response displayed by curl -I in the order of Status, Content-Type, Content-Encoding, Cache-Control, and Content-Length. This is a practical approach that also helps verify gzip compression in Nginx.

2026.09.20

Networking / RFC

What is Microsoft Security Copilot? E5 Inclusion and SCUs in 2026

This article outlines Security Copilot in 2026, covering its inclusion in Microsoft 365 E5/E7, SCUs, rollout, and differences from E3.

2026.09.20

Generative AISecurity

What is Microsoft Copilot? Differences Between M365 E3/E5 Add-on Licenses and Copilot Chat

We clarify the licensing boundaries of Microsoft 365 E3/E5/E7, Microsoft Copilot, Copilot Chat, and Agents using official information and practical examples.

2026.09.20

Microsoft 365 / AzurePrompt & LLM Utilization

What is Copilot Studio for Teams? Creating Limited Agents in M365 and the Boundary with the Standalone Version

We clarify the differences between the Teams-only use rights of Copilot Studio for Teams and the standalone version based on official information, complete with beginner-friendly terminology, practical examples, and architecture diagrams.

2026.09.20

Microsoft 365 / AzurePrompt & LLM Utilization

What is Microsoft 365 Copilot Chat? Clarifying the E3/E5 No-Additional-Cost Scope, Work Data, and Agents

Based on official information, we clarify the boundaries between Copilot Chat (included at no additional cost with M365 E3/E5), paid Microsoft Copilot, metered agents, and work data integration.

2026.09.20

Microsoft 365 / AzurePrompt & LLM Utilization

Overview of Changes and Usage Impact in the New Builds for September 11, 2026

This article is a technical explanation and implementation example created using AI. Although the code and procedures pr...

2026.09.20

Programming / Web Development

What is Google Search? Clarifying the Relationship Between Search, AI Mode, and Lens

For beginners, this guide explains Google Search through its relationships with traditional search, AI Overviews, AI Mode, and Google Lens.

2026.09.20

Google Cloud

Reading TLS Certificate Chains in PowerShell: Observing X509Chain Status

Observe each stage of a certificate chain and its ChainStatus in a read-only manner using PowerShell and .NET X509Chain.

2026.09.20

Security

Extracting IDs and Emails from Logs Using Only Excel: Using REGEXEXTRACT and REGEXREPLACE

Learn how to read regular expressions by extracting IDs from dummy logs and masking emails using Excel's REGEXEXTRACT and REGEXREPLACE.

2026.09.20

VBA / Office