Application.Ontimeを使ったマルチプロセスのアイデアがとても気に入ったので、TCPのクライアント、サーバーのサンプルも作成。
Excelのモジュールに下記コードを張り付けて、MainForMultiProcessを実行すると、読み取り専用のブックでサーバプロセスが起動する。
そのサーバに向けて、testHELLO testElse testQUIT を実行すると、別ブックのサーバで電文受信できる様子が確認できる。
この手法のメリットは、１ブック内でクライアントとサーバのソースが書けることと、MainForMultiProcessを起動したブックがかたまることはないこと。（Application.OnTimeのギミックを使わずTCPRecvを実行すると、当たり前だけどacceptでVBAが固まってしまい（受信待ち）、別ブックからTCPSendをしなければ解消されない。）
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Option Explicit '* --- FormatMessage --- */ 'FormatMessage.dwFlags Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER As Long = &H100 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY As Long = &H2000 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE As Long = &H800 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING As Long = &H400 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM As Long = &H1000 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS As Long = &H200 Private Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_MAX_WIDTH_MASK As Long = &HFF 'FormatMessage(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function FormatMessage Lib "kernel32" Alias "FormatMessageA" (ByVal dwFlags As Long, lpSource As Long, _ ByVal dwMessageId As Long, ByVal dwLanguageId As Long, _ ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long, Arguments As LongPtr) _ As Long '* --- WSAStartup / WSACleanup --- */ 'WSAStartup / WSACleanup size Private Const WSASYS_STATUS_LEN As Long = 128 Private Const WSASYS_STATUS_SIZE As Long = WSASYS_STATUS_LEN + 1 Private Const WSADESCRIPTION_LEN As Long = 256 Private Const WSADESCRIPTION_SIZE As Long = WSADESCRIPTION_LEN + 1 Public Type WSADATA wVersion As Integer wHighVersion As Integer szDescription As String * WSADESCRIPTION_SIZE szSystemStatus As String * WSASYS_STATUS_SIZE iMaxSockets As Integer iMaxUdpDg As Integer lpVendorInfo As Long End Type 'WSAStartup / WSACleanup(API) Public Declare PtrSafe Function WSAStartup Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal wVersionRequested As Integer, ByRef lpWSADATA As WSADATA) As Long Public Declare PtrSafe Function WSACleanup Lib "wsock32.dll" () As Long '* --- Network --- */ Private Enum AF AF_UNSPEC = 0 AF_INET = 2 AF_IPX = 6 AF_APPLETALK = 16 AF_NETBIOS = 17 AF_INET6 = 23 AF_IRDA = 26 AF_BTH = 32 End Enum Private Enum SOCKTYPE SOCK_STREAM = 1 SOCK_DGRAM = 2 SOCK_RAW = 3 SOCK_RDM = 4 SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5 End Enum Private Enum PROTOCOL IPPROTO_ICMP = 1 IPPROTO_IGMP = 2 BTHPROTO_RFCOMM = 3 IPPROTO_TCP = 6 IPPROTO_UDP = 17 IPPROTO_ICMPV6 = 58 IPPROTO_RM = 113 End Enum ' IPv4 address Public Type sockaddr_in sin_family As Integer sin_port As Integer sin_addr As Long sin_zero1 As Long sin_zero2 As Long End Type Private Const INVALID_SOCKET = -1 Private Const SOCKET_ERROR As Long = -1 'socket / closesocket(API) Public Declare PtrSafe Function socket Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal lngAf As LongPtr, ByVal lngType As LongPtr, ByVal lngProtocol As LongPtr) As Long Public Declare PtrSafe Function closesocket Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal socketHandle As Long) As Long 'bind(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function bind Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, ByRef name As sockaddr_in, ByVal namelen As Long) As Long 'accept(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function accept Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, ByRef name As sockaddr_in, ByRef namelen As LongPtr) As Long 'htons(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function htons Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal hostshort As Long) As Integer 'ntohs(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function ntohs Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal netshort As Long) As Integer ' inet_addr(API) IPをドット形式(x.x.x.x)から内部形式に変更 Private Declare PtrSafe Function inet_addr Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal cp As String) As Long 'IPv4またはIPv6インターネットネットワークアドレスからインターネット標準形式の文字列に変換 Private Declare PtrSafe Function InetNtopW Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal Family As Integer, ByRef pAddr As Long, ByVal pStringBuf As String, ByVal StringBufSize As Integer) As Long 'TCPクライアント同時接続数 とりあえず5 'http://www.kt.rim.or.jp/~ksk/wskfaq-ja/advanced.html Const SOMAXCONN As Integer = 5 'listen(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function listen Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, ByVal backlog As Long) As Long 'send(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function send Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, ByVal buf As String, ByVal length As Long, ByVal flags As Long, ByRef remoteAddr As sockaddr_in, ByVal remoteAddrSize As Long) As Long 'recv(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function recv Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal socket As Long, ByVal buf As String, ByVal length As Long, ByVal flags As Long) As Long 'connect(API) Private Declare PtrSafe Function connect Lib "ws2_32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, ByRef name As sockaddr_in, ByVal namelen As Long) As Long '* --- Sleep --- */ Private Declare PtrSafe Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) 'エラーコードをFormatMessageで可読可能に変換 Public Function GetFormatMessageString(Optional ByVal dwMessageId As Long = 0) As String Dim dwFlags As Long 'オプションフラグ Dim lpBuffer As String 'メッセージを格納するたのバッファ Dim result As Long '戻り値(文字列のバイト数) '引数省略対応｡ If dwMessageId = 0 Then dwMessageId = VBA.Information.Err().LastDllError '未設定の場合はLastDllErrorをセット End If dwFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM Or FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS Or FORMAT_MESSAGE_MAX_WIDTH_MASK lpBuffer = String(1024, vbNullChar) result = FormatMessage(dwFlags, 0&, dwMessageId, 0&, lpBuffer, Len(lpBuffer), 0&) If (result > 0) Then lpBuffer = Left(lpBuffer, InStr(lpBuffer, vbNullChar) - 1) 'Null終端まで取得 Else lpBuffer = "" End If GetFormatMessageString = lpBuffer & "(" & dwMessageId & ")" End Function 'C言語 MAKEWORD 相当 Public Function MAKEWORD(Lo As Byte, Hi As Byte) As Integer MAKEWORD = Lo + Hi * 256& Or 32768 * (Hi > 127) End Function Public Sub TCPRecv() 'WSAStartup socket bind listen accept recv closesocket WSACleanup Dim ServerIP As String: ServerIP = "127.0.0.1" Dim ServerPort As Long: ServerPort = 60051 Dim ServerAddr As sockaddr_in Dim ServerSocket As Long Dim ClientAddr As sockaddr_in Dim ClientSocket As Long Dim RetCode As Long Const RecvBuffSize As Long = 2048 Dim recvBuffer As String * RecvBuffSize Dim ipBuffer As String Dim WSAD As WSADATA RetCode = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), WSAD) If RetCode <> 0 Then MsgBox "WSAStartup failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(RetCode) Exit Sub End If ServerSocket = socket(AF.AF_INET, SOCKTYPE.SOCK_STREAM, 0) If ServerSocket = INVALID_SOCKET Then MsgBox "SOCKET failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET ServerAddr.sin_addr = inet_addr(ServerIP) ServerAddr.sin_port = htons(ServerPort) RetCode = bind(ServerSocket, ServerAddr, LenB(ServerAddr)) If RetCode = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "Error binding listener socket: " & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If 'listen SOMAXCONNはとりあえず設定 もっと大きくしてもOK RetCode = listen(ServerSocket, SOMAXCONN) If RetCode = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "Error listen: " & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If Do While True DoEvents Sleep 200 recvBuffer = String(RecvBuffSize, vbNullChar) 'accept ここでClientからの接続待ち ClientSocket = accept(ServerSocket, ClientAddr, LenB(ClientAddr)) If ClientSocket = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "Error binding listener socket: " & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If RetCode = recv(ClientSocket, recvBuffer, RecvBuffSize, 0) If (RetCode > 0) Then ipBuffer = Left(recvBuffer, InStr(recvBuffer, vbNullChar) - 1) 'Null終端まで取得 '電文制御 '仕様： 'HELLO -> HELLO VBA Winsock API と答える。 'QUIT -> 処理終了 'それ以外は通知された文字をそのまま表示する。 Select Case ipBuffer Case "HELLO" MsgBox "HELLO VBA Winsock API " & PrintIPAndPortNumber(ClientAddr) Case "QUIT" MsgBox "サーバー 処理終了電文受信成功 終了処理します。:" & ipBuffer GoTo EXIT_POINT: '受信成功したらループを抜ける Case Else MsgBox "サーバー 電文受信成功:" & ipBuffer End Select ElseIf RetCode = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "recv error:" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT: End If Loop EXIT_POINT: If closesocket(ServerSocket) = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "closesocket failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) End If If WSACleanup() <> 0 Then MsgBox "Windows Sockets error occurred in Cleanup.", vbExclamation End If 'ここで自分自身を閉じる。 ThisWorkbook.Close Application.Quit End Sub Public Sub TCPSend(ByRef Msg As String) ' WSAStartup -> socket → sendto → closesocket WSACleanup Dim RetCode As Long Dim WSADATA As WSADATA Dim SendSocketHandle As Long Dim DstAddr As sockaddr_in 'パラメータ Dim ServerIP As String: ServerIP = "127.0.0.1" Dim ServerPort As Long: ServerPort = 60051 Dim strbuffer As String strbuffer = Msg 'スタートアップ RetCode = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), WSADATA) If RetCode <> 0 Then MsgBox "WSAStartup failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(RetCode) Exit Sub End If 'TCP socket SendSocketHandle = socket(AF.AF_INET, SOCKTYPE.SOCK_STREAM, 0) If SendSocketHandle = INVALID_SOCKET Then MsgBox "SOCKET failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If DstAddr.sin_family = AF.AF_INET DstAddr.sin_addr = inet_addr(ServerIP) DstAddr.sin_port = htons(Convert_u_short_PortNumber(ServerPort)) 'TCP connect RetCode = connect(SendSocketHandle, DstAddr, LenB(DstAddr)) If RetCode = INVALID_SOCKET Then MsgBox "w_connect failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT End If 'send RetCode = send(SendSocketHandle, strbuffer, Len(strbuffer), 0, DstAddr, LenB(DstAddr)) If RetCode = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "sendto failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) GoTo EXIT_POINT Else Debug.Print "Sendto:" & PrintIPAndPortNumber(DstAddr) End If EXIT_POINT: If closesocket(SendSocketHandle) = SOCKET_ERROR Then MsgBox "closesocket failed with error：" & GetFormatMessageString(Err.LastDllError) End If If WSACleanup() <> 0 Then MsgBox "Windows Sockets error occurred in Cleanup.", vbExclamation End If End Sub Function PrintIPAndPortNumber(ByRef Addr As sockaddr_in) As String Dim s As String Dim s2 As String s = String(100, vbNullChar) Call InetNtopW(AF.AF_INET, Addr.sin_addr, s, 128) s2 = Replace(s, vbNullChar, "") PrintIPAndPortNumber = "IPv4アドレス：" & s2 & " ポート番号" & u_short_PortNumberToLong(ntohs(Addr.sin_port)) End Function Sub MainForMultiProcess() Dim SVApp As Application Dim SVWb As Workbook '別プロセスをサーバとして起動 Set SVApp = New Application SVApp.Visible = True 'デバッグ用に表示、不要であればfalseにすればよい Set SVWb = SVApp.Workbooks.Open(ThisWorkbook.FullName, _ UpdateLinks:=False, _ ReadOnly:=True) 'サーバプロセス起動 '※この時呼ばれるプロシージャにはOnTimeのみを記述し直ちに応答を返す。 Call SVApp.Run("'" & SVWb.name & "'!OnTimeTCPRecv") End Sub 'TCPRecvの起動 Private Sub OnTimeTCPRecv() Application.OnTime Now + TimeValue("00:00:1"), "TCPRecv" End Sub 'サンプル電文 Sub testHELLO() Call TCPSend("HELLO") End Sub Sub testElse() Call TCPSend("else message ") End Sub Sub testQUIT() Call TCPSend("QUIT") End Sub 'ポート番号をu_short（16bitの符号なし整数型）に変換したデータの可読用表示用変換 Function u_short_PortNumberToLong(ByVal u_short_PortNumber As Integer) As Long u_short_PortNumberToLong = 65535 And u_short_PortNumber End Function 'ポート番号をu_short（16bitの符号なし整数型）に変換する。 'VBでは、16bitの型はIntegerになるが、符号あり整数ため、32767以上の整数値を代入するとオーバーフローする。 'そのためBitレベルで,Integer型にはめ込む Function Convert_u_short_PortNumber(ByVal PortNumber As Long) As Integer Select Case PortNumber Case Is < 0&: Err.Raise "UnderFlow PortNumber is 0 - 65535" Case 0 To 32767: Convert_u_short_PortNumber = PortNumber Case 32768 To 65535: Convert_u_short_PortNumber = PortNumber - 65536 Case Is > 65535: Err.Raise Number:=513, Description:="OverFlow PortNumber is 0 - 65535" End Select End Function |
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